When scientists first created the class of drugs that includes Ozempic, they told a tidy story about how the medications would work: The gut releases a hormone called GLP-1 that signals you’re full, so a drug that mimics GLP-1 could do the exact same thing, helping people eat less and lose weight.
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A more refined understanding of how GLP-1 works in the brain could help improve the current injections. Nausea and vomiting are among the most common side effects and would seem to go hand in hand with a lack of appetite. But these symptoms appear to be governed by distinct systems in the brain, Scott Kanoski, a neuroscientist at the University of Southern California, told me. In fact, scientists have been able to find brain areas in rodents where GLP-1 analogues can suppress appetite without causing nausea, which hints at the possibility of developing drugs that do the same.