The American Academy of Pediatrics backed gender-related treatments for children on August 3, reaffirming its position from 2018 on a medical approach that has since been banned in 19 states.
But the influential group of doctors also took an extra step of commissioning a systematic review of medical research on the treatments, following similar efforts in Europe that found uncertain evidence for their effectiveness in adolescents.
Critics across the political spectrum — including a small but vocal group of pediatricians — have been calling for a closer look at the evidence in recent years, particularly as the number of adolescents who identify as transgender has rapidly increased.
The treatments are relatively new, and few studies have tracked their long-term effects. Health bodies in England and Sweden have limited access to the treatments after carrying out systematic reviews, the gold standard for evaluating medical research.
Some scientists criticized the decision to continue to recommend the treatments for young people before completing a rigorous review.
The move is “very clearly putting the cart before the horse,” said Dr. Gordon Guyatt, a clinical epidemiologist at McMaster University who helped develop the field of evidence-based medicine.