Though still in its infancy as a field, artificial intelligence (AI) is poised to transform the practice of medicine and the delivery of healthcare.
Powered by breakthroughs in machine learning (ML) algorithms, enhanced computing power, and increasing data volume and storage capacity, AI has made noteworthy advances over the past decade across many medical subspecialties.
Experts predict AI-based medical devices and algorithms will play a major role in the delivery of preventive, diagnostic, and therapeutic interventions.
A recent Nature Medicine article discusses promising uses of artificial intelligence in medicine, particularly in medical imaging and big data integration, and considers technical and ethical challenges for their applications in improving human health.
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AI tools have shown that they can meet, or even exceed, experts’ performance across medical specialties that rely on human interpretation — namely, radiology, pathology, dermatology, gastroenterology, and ophthalmology.
For instance, one study used AI methods to analyze whole-slide images and demonstrated that their model was more accurate in predicting patient survival from malignant mesothelioma, compared to current pathology practices.
Another study demonstrated that an AI model for the optical diagnosis of colorectal cancer can achieve precision comparable to that of skilled endoscopists.
