To determine the global regulatory landscape, [an article by the Norwegian University of Life Sciences] focused on the regulations of some of the top GM crop-producing countries which include the United States, Canada, Australia, Spain, Portugal, Brazil, Argentina, China, and India.
Each country’s regulatory standpoint was examined to determine the factors that allowed them to cultivate GM crops on large scales.
In North America, the United States has no specific federal law that regulates GMOs. Instead, the Coordinated Framework for Regulation of Biotechnology directs products to specialized government regulatory bodies. GM products are assessed under the health, safety, and environmental laws that also apply to conventional products.
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Canada assesses novel plants through a strictly science-based assessment of risks, focusing on the product’s allergenicity, toxicity, and off-target impacts.
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In 2017, the Ministers of Agriculture of Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay, and Uruguay signed a declaration on new breeding techniques that clearly recognizes and strives to reduce inconsistent approvals among them. Since then, eight out of 12 countries in Latin America have developed documents as a result of this initiative.
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Ecuador, Venezuela, and Peru all do not permit commercial cultivation of GM crops in their territories.
