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This collection of symptoms is known as hemorrhagic fever and is a familiar, often fatal outcome of other very dangerous but usually rare viral diseases like Ebola.
Most arenaviruses that make people sick are known to spread from rodents to people. Usually, this happens when people breathe in aerosols from dried-out rodent urine or droppings contaminated with the virus or otherwise come into direct contact with rodents… But at least three health care workers who interacted with infected patients—a medical resident, an ambulance worker, and a gastroenterologist—also developed illness, with two eventually dying. Health officials strongly believe the virus was spread from person to person in these other cases.
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For now, scientists plan to learn as much as they can about the Chapare virus from these latest cases, including its likely rodent hosts, where it may have originated, and whether it’s been circulating in the country unbeknownst to doctors.