Is it possible to make a movie about GMOs โ commissioned by an organization with ties to the food industry โ thatโs free of the conflicts-of-interest?
Oscar-nominated director Scott Hamilton Kennedy addressed this issue, and others, in a recent interview with Tim Barker, managing editor of the Genetic Literacy Project, about his new documentary, Food Evolution.
Financing for the film was provided by the nonprofit Institute of Food Technologists, prompting some critics to suggest the work is little more than industry propaganda. The Instituteโs membership of more than 17,000 includes academics and professionals who work for companies that include General Mills, Tyson Foods, Coca-Cola and Kraft Heinz.ย This relationship to what critics call “Big Food,”ย was pointed out in a letter — signed by 45 academics โ that referred to the institute as โan advocacy organization which has long endorsed the biotech industry.โ
The film, narrated by Neil deGrasse Tyson, opened in theaters in late June.
This is the second, and final, part of Kennedyโs interview, in which he defends the filmโs funding, talks about the GMO debate and its future, and what he might do next.
[The first part of this interview,ย dealing with criticism of the film,ย can be found here.]
Thereโs been a lot of chatter among GMO opponents about the filmโs funding. It was funded by the Institute of Food Technologists. Doesnโt that diminish its independence? Is there any substance to allegations that this is Big Ag propaganda?
We demanded final cut. They not only gave us final cut, but understood they had to give us final cut. If they hadnโt given us final cut, they would have had an industrial. And they didnโt want to make an industrial. They wanted to make a film thatโs doing exactly what this film is doing. Itโs furthering a conversation and being respected and getting quality reviews. The irony is they are food scientists. So not only did they give us final cut, we didnโt even make a movie about them. Our joke was that we were funded by Marvel Comics and we made a movie starring DC Comics. They funded the movie, but we made a movie about AG scientists. That ended up working to our favor in terms of that criticism. We didnโt even make a movie to celebrate their scientists. We made a movie to celebrate science and to defend communication around science.
Itโs been alleged by Mike Adams of Natural News that Jon Entine and the Genetic Literacy Project are behind this documentary.
Outside of a single Skype interview that we did โ we did about 200 of them for research on the film โ Jon Entine had nothing to with this project.
Documentaries dealing with these food issues tend to be categorized as either pro- or anti-. Does that just come with the territory?
There are several layers to it. The documentary industry in the United States has become or has consistently been left leaning. The fact that those liberal values have influenced the documentary community is a bit of a double edge. Many films that are produced as documentaries are very good journalism. But sometimes they also ignore data and sway things toward a liberal bias. I consider myself a liberal. But I consider myself a rational human being way before I put that other title on there. Thatโs what we get to do as human beings. We have these amazing minds that can try to solve problems and look at things rationally and use evidence and use the scientific method to make decisions. I stand by the film. I stand by my decision to make the film. I ask not just my documentary community but the world considering this film to think about how hard it was to consider: I could be kicked out of my tribe. Iโm questioning my tribe. Do I want to do that? It wasnโt a goal. But the goal of trying to tell the nuanced truth was much bigger than the goal of defending my tribe. And in the end, I hope my tribe will be better for it.
What most surprised you in making the film?
One, I canโt believe no one else had made this movie. That goes a little bit to the biases of my wonderful documentary community. As documentarians, we are always looking for a great story. Iโm pretty confident there were a few other documentarians who saw this possible angle, but said, โI donโt want to touch that.โ
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The second one is that confirmation bias is a bitch. I was introduced to that term in the making of this film. As most of your readers will know, it is the disease that makes us only seek out and see evidence that supports our world view. If confirmation bias is a poison, then the remedy is the scientific method.
The third piece is just how far some in the organic and natural foods industry had gone either with their own confirmation bias or were just ruthless marketers in terms of selling fear. And not just how far they went, but what a free ride they got on that fear mongering.
I would never stop anybody from buying organics. Some of the products are delicious and wonderful. Just donโt tell me that its miracle food and if I buy some other food that isnโt organic that Iโm a bad, dangerous parent.
Do you think you treated Charles Benbrook fairly in the story? Have you heard anything from him? [Editor’s note: Charles Benbrook is a consultant for the organic industry whose research, once cited by many news organizations as ‘independent’, has been found to be funded by GMO critics.ย Read the GLP’s profile of himย here.]
I got one email from him saying โsend him the film.โ I wanted him to see it with an audience. So, we are waiting on that. I feel completely fine with the way I treated everybody in this film. Is it perfect? Of course not. Charles Benbrook presented himself as a huge expert in GMOs, especially in terms of interpreting glyphosate. Looking at the work that he has done, I have no problem with the way he was represented in the film, both negatively and positively. I donโt have a problem if the organic industry funds scientific studies. I donโt have a problem with Monsanto funding studies. The problem is if results are asked to be promised โ and are promised. Thatโs not science. If an industry wants to take a chance on the scientists doing a study and they are willing to take the results of that study, good, bad or otherwise, thatโs science. Chuck Benbrook had worse than a conflict of interest. He promised results. We pointed out his failings because he promised results and manipulated the truth.
Is there another film to be made? Addressing the question whether โintensiveโ or โindustrialโ agriculture is an ecologically smart model for our planet going forward?
Not currently. But you never know. Iโm open to it. There are some offshoots that Iโm considering. Resetting the conversation on vaccines is very similar to this. Taking on the obesity epidemic with the same discipline and complexity. We all can see from the data how daunting obesity is. What Iโm not seeing yet is getting to the real nuance and complexity of why this has happened.
We are now well into the next wave of biotechnology with the advent of CRISPR. You didnโt address this in the documentary, but you obviously have a feel for the public sentiment around agriculture and technology. In light of your experience in researching and filming this documentary, do you think gene editing will alter the dynamics of the debate?
Does CRISPR stand to be misinterpreted and made into being a scary technology and that might limit the positive uses of it? I think there is a good chance of it. I might be a rose-colored glasses optimist, but I believe the scientific method will, more often than not, win out. Clearly, weโve seen some technology crushed because of fear, but, more often than not, the good technology comes through. Because people see the benefits and they embrace those benefits and we move on down the road.
How do you see this debate playing out over the next year? Over the next decade?
I donโt want to toot our own horn, but we would be so honored if the film started a food, environmental movement 2.0. I hope it will further the conversation and people donโt have to say at cocktail parties โ โGMOs suck and organic is amazing.โ Letโs make sure that we are not making decisions that are not only not based on good science, but that also go counter to our goals. If Iโm buying organic food because I think itโs better for the world and will save my children, A) thereโs not science to support that and B), you might actually be doing damage to someone in Africa who can use the technology to feed their family. Just look at the big picture.
Two months ago, my biggest fear about critics was that I thought they were going to ignore us. I thought they were just going to ignore it and let it go by and be a little blip. But by them confronting it, I think thatโs going to help further the conversation because more people are going to talk about it. The biggest danger for them is that people will see the movie.
Tim Barker, managing editor for the Genetic Literacy Project, is a veteran reporter, most recently with the Orlando Sentinel and St. Louis Post Dispatch. BIO. Follow him on Twitter @tbarker13.
