Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most commonly diagnosed neurodevelopment disorders and seems to be on the rise, in both children and adults.
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The first question that always arises when a diagnosis is on the increase relates to whether the true incidence is increasing, or is the apparent increase [is] an artifact of how the diagnosis is made. … The two main factors that might result in an artifactual increase are, an expansion of the diagnostic criteria, or increased surveillance – either we have broadened the diagnosis, or we are looking for it more. There is also the possibility of diagnostic substitution – other diagnoses are now shifting to the one apparently increasing.
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This does not rule out that there is an actual increase hiding in the data as well, but there is no solid evidence that this is the case. Increased awareness and expanded criteria likely explain the increased numbers. But there are still some lingering questions, which relate to how the diagnosis is made.
