Less than 1,300—Our human ancestors were on the verge of extinction one million years ago

Modern humans overlapped with at least seven now extinct hominid ancestors, and in many cases integrating their DNA
Credit: Midjourney/ Heenan
[A] groundbreaking study published in the journal Science sheds new light on a dramatic event that nearly erased humans from existence. Researchers uncovered evidence that our ancestors survived a population crash that lasted over 100,000 years, leaving just around 1,280 individuals. This severe bottleneck occurred roughly between 930,000 and 813,000 years ago, profoundly influencing the genetic makeup of today’s humans.

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Researchers developed a new method called FitCoal (fast infinitesimal time coalescent process), which cleverly sidesteps many of the problems faced by traditional methods. FitCoal doesn’t require old DNA or extensive historical information.

Instead, it uses the DNA of people alive today, specifically looking at genetic variations known as alleles.

Yi-Hsuan Pan, a genomic researcher from East China Normal University, emphasized the significance of this method, stating, “The novel finding opens a new field in human evolution because it evokes many questions, such as the places where these individuals lived, how they overcame catastrophic climate changes, and whether natural selection during the bottleneck accelerated the evolution of the human brain.”

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